Ummahat ul Momineen - The Wives of Prophet Muhammad(PBUH)
KHADIJA
The Holy Prophet's first marriage with Khadija, who was his only wife for the twenty-five years of his youth and manhood. The Holy Prophet was fifty years of ago, or a little older, when Khadija died.
SAUDA
A few months after Khadija's death, the Holy Prophet married Sauda, daughter of Zama, who was a widow, had an issue from her former husband and was the only Muslim in her whole family, which had turned against her, and she thus required protection and help. On the advice of some of his companions, the Holy Prophet married Sauda and took her under his on protection.
AYESHA
Ayesha, daughter of Abu Bakr,was the only virgin whom the Holy Prophet married, shortly before the Hijrat, to ful fil the wish his dearest friend Abu Bakr. There are conflicting reports regarding Ayesha's age at the time of her marriage. it is reported that her elder sister, Asma (who prepared the baggage for the Hijrat of the Holy Prophet and her Father) was ten years senior to Ayesha; and Asma died at the age of 100 in A.H.73(see Ibn-i-Kasir's Albadaya. wan Nihaya and alikmal fi Asmair Rijal). According to this calculation, Ayesha's age at the time of her marriage to Holy Prophet was 17 or 18 years. Some reports say it was 16 years; and others put it at a lower figure. Ayesha was an exceptionally intelligent and talented lady; she had an excellent memory and was very eloquent. She is the narrator of as many as 2,210 traditions (Ahadis) of the Holy Prophet she was considered to be an authority on the life of the Holy Prophet and on the meaning and interpretation of the verses of the Holy Quran; and many eminent companions of the Holy Prophet, both male and female, came to seek her guidance on intricate religious matters. It was Ayesha who testified to the sublimity of the morals of the Holy Prophet by telling a questioner; "Kana Khulquhul Quran", i.e.his morals are the Quran. The major portion of the material about religious matters relating to woman was with her. She survived the Holy Prophet by some 48 years.
Marrieages in Medina
With the exception of one, who was a divorced, the ladies whom the Holy Prophet married in Medina were all widows or prisoners of war. The circumstances in which there marriages took Place are given below.
HAFSA
Hafsa, daughter of Umar, became a widow when her husband, Khunais, fell a martyr at Battle of Badr. In accordance with the wishes of her father, Umar, The Holy Prophet married Hafsa. She is the narrator of some 60 traditions.
ZAINAB, DAUGHTER OF KHUZAIMA, UMMUL MASAKIN
The Holy Prophet married Zainab, daughter of Khuzaima, in similar circumstances when her husband Abdulla, son of jahash, fell a mrtyr at the Battle of Uhud. She was a very pious and alms giving lady, who was always helping the poor and needyand earned the title of ''Ummul Masakin''. She expired in Ah.H, 4, during the life-time of the Holy Prophet.
UMM-I-SALMA
Another martyr of the Battle of Uhud was Abu Salma, who was one of the early converts to Islam and one of those who migrated to Abyssinia. When Abu Salma died, the Holy prophet married his widow, Ummi Salma. She used to instruct Muslim women in religious matters and is the narrator of some 378 traditions. She lived to the ripe old age of 80 or 81 years.
ZAINAB, DAUGHTER OF JAHASH
Zainab. daughter of Jahash, was a cousin of the Holy Prophet through his aunt, Umaima, daughter of Abdul Muttalib. Zainab was married to Zaid, son of Haris, a freedman, whom the Holy Prophet had brought up as a son. She and her brother were not agreable to his marriage, but bowed before the wishes of the Holy Prophet. thus marriage was celebrated in Mecca eight years before Hijrat. The marriage proved a failure, and much against the advice and wishes of the Holy Prophet, Zaid divorced Zainab. After the period of waiting (Iddat) was over, the Holy Prophet married Zainab, in accordance with her own wish and the wishes of her family, in order to assuage her injured feelings and console her by raising het to the status of a mother of the believers. The Holy Prophet had also to show by his own conduct and example that, as declared by Allah (Cf. 33 : 4, 5, 37), an adopted son is not like a real son. (For verses relating to this marriage see:- 33. 36-40). Zainab was the only divorcee married by the Holy Prophet.
MARRIAGES FOR SOCIO-RELIGIOUS CONSIDERATIONS
Apart from marriages contracted for affording protection and succour to helpless or destitute widows of companions killed in battles fought with the enemies of Islam, the Holy Prophet also contracted some marriages in order to woo certain influential tribes to Islam.
JUWAIRIA
In the Ghazwa Bani Mustalaq, Barra, the daughter of the Chief of the tribe, who was a widow, became a prisoner of war. The companions advised the Holy Prophet that, as she was the daughter of the chief of a tribe, the Holy Prophet should take her and marry her. He accepted the advice; and, as a result, the Muslims released over a hundred prisoners of the tribe and the whole tribe embraced Islam. She was given the name of Juwairia by the Holy Prophet.
UMMI HABIBA
Ummi Habiba, daughter of Abu sufyan (who was for years one of the bitterest enemies of the Holy Prophet) was married to Abdulla son of Jahash. She was one of the early converts to Islam and emigrated to Abyssinia along with her husband. There her husband became a Christian and she and her daughter were left in a destitute condition in a foreign country. The Holy Prophet married her, through the Vakalat of jafar, son of Abu Talib. Ummi Habiba was such a pious lady and was so devoted to the Holy Prophet what when her father, Abu sufyan, (who was till then a pagan), came to Medina after the Treaty of Hudaibiya, and visted her, she did not allow him to sit on the Holy Prophet's bed ! this act of Abu Sufyan's daughter was also instrumental in impressing of his followers, on Abu Sufyan who eventually embraced Islam. She was also one of the consorts who quenched the first for knowledge of Muslim women. She is the narrator of some 65 traditions. She died at the age of 73.
MARIA
Maria Qibtiya, was sent to the Holy Prophet as a present by the Ruler of Egypt ; and she gave birth to the Holy Prophet's last and youngest son, Ibrahim.
SAFIYA
Safiya, was the daughter of Hayyi bin Akhtab, Chief pf the Banu Quraiza tribe. She was a widow and became a prisoner of war at the time of Battle of Khaibar. In view of her social status, the Holy Prophet married Safiya. She died at the age of sixty. She is the narrator of some ten traditions.
RAIHANA, DAUGHTER OF ZAID
Raihana, daughter of Zaid, belonged to the Banu Quraiza tribe of Jews. She had married one of her on tribesmen, named Hakam. When the Banu Quraiza capitulated, Raihana became a captive. According to Ibn Sad, Hafiz Ibn Hajar and Waqidi, the Holy Prophet set Raihana free and thereafter married her. Her own statement to this effect is on record, and is conformed by and entries in the History of Medina by Muhammad Bin Alhasan, and in the Tabaqat-us-Sahaba by Ibni Manda. Raihana died during the Holy Prophet's lifetime. (Vide pages 403-405, Vol. 1, Seerat-un-Nabi by Shibli Naumani).
MAIMUNA
The Holy Prophet's last marriage, in A.H. 7,was with Maimuna, daughter of Haris, who was a widow. She is the narrator of some 76 traditions. She died in A.H.51.
MARRIAGES NOT FOR GRATIFICATION OF SENSUAL APPETITE
According to the most authentic reports, the life of Muhammad (P.B.U.H) prior to his first marriage with Khadija was absolutely chaste and pure ; and even his enemies have testified to this. The pagans offered him not only riches and a kingdom, but also the most beautiful girls ; but he spurned the offer. During his youth and manhood, he proved a faithful and ideal husband. He was 50 years old, or somewhat older, when he married a second time; and all his subsequent marriages were at an advanced age.
A few months after Khadija's death, the Holy Prophet married Sauda, daughter of Zama, who was a widow, had an issue from her former husband and was the only Muslim in her whole family, which had turned against her, and she thus required protection and help. On the advice of some of his companions, the Holy Prophet married Sauda and took her under his on protection.
AYESHA
Ayesha, daughter of Abu Bakr,was the only virgin whom the Holy Prophet married, shortly before the Hijrat, to ful fil the wish his dearest friend Abu Bakr. There are conflicting reports regarding Ayesha's age at the time of her marriage. it is reported that her elder sister, Asma (who prepared the baggage for the Hijrat of the Holy Prophet and her Father) was ten years senior to Ayesha; and Asma died at the age of 100 in A.H.73(see Ibn-i-Kasir's Albadaya. wan Nihaya and alikmal fi Asmair Rijal). According to this calculation, Ayesha's age at the time of her marriage to Holy Prophet was 17 or 18 years. Some reports say it was 16 years; and others put it at a lower figure. Ayesha was an exceptionally intelligent and talented lady; she had an excellent memory and was very eloquent. She is the narrator of as many as 2,210 traditions (Ahadis) of the Holy Prophet she was considered to be an authority on the life of the Holy Prophet and on the meaning and interpretation of the verses of the Holy Quran; and many eminent companions of the Holy Prophet, both male and female, came to seek her guidance on intricate religious matters. It was Ayesha who testified to the sublimity of the morals of the Holy Prophet by telling a questioner; "Kana Khulquhul Quran", i.e.his morals are the Quran. The major portion of the material about religious matters relating to woman was with her. She survived the Holy Prophet by some 48 years.
Marrieages in Medina
With the exception of one, who was a divorced, the ladies whom the Holy Prophet married in Medina were all widows or prisoners of war. The circumstances in which there marriages took Place are given below.
HAFSA
Hafsa, daughter of Umar, became a widow when her husband, Khunais, fell a martyr at Battle of Badr. In accordance with the wishes of her father, Umar, The Holy Prophet married Hafsa. She is the narrator of some 60 traditions.
ZAINAB, DAUGHTER OF KHUZAIMA, UMMUL MASAKIN
The Holy Prophet married Zainab, daughter of Khuzaima, in similar circumstances when her husband Abdulla, son of jahash, fell a mrtyr at the Battle of Uhud. She was a very pious and alms giving lady, who was always helping the poor and needyand earned the title of ''Ummul Masakin''. She expired in Ah.H, 4, during the life-time of the Holy Prophet.
UMM-I-SALMA
Another martyr of the Battle of Uhud was Abu Salma, who was one of the early converts to Islam and one of those who migrated to Abyssinia. When Abu Salma died, the Holy prophet married his widow, Ummi Salma. She used to instruct Muslim women in religious matters and is the narrator of some 378 traditions. She lived to the ripe old age of 80 or 81 years.
ZAINAB, DAUGHTER OF JAHASH
Zainab. daughter of Jahash, was a cousin of the Holy Prophet through his aunt, Umaima, daughter of Abdul Muttalib. Zainab was married to Zaid, son of Haris, a freedman, whom the Holy Prophet had brought up as a son. She and her brother were not agreable to his marriage, but bowed before the wishes of the Holy Prophet. thus marriage was celebrated in Mecca eight years before Hijrat. The marriage proved a failure, and much against the advice and wishes of the Holy Prophet, Zaid divorced Zainab. After the period of waiting (Iddat) was over, the Holy Prophet married Zainab, in accordance with her own wish and the wishes of her family, in order to assuage her injured feelings and console her by raising het to the status of a mother of the believers. The Holy Prophet had also to show by his own conduct and example that, as declared by Allah (Cf. 33 : 4, 5, 37), an adopted son is not like a real son. (For verses relating to this marriage see:- 33. 36-40). Zainab was the only divorcee married by the Holy Prophet.
MARRIAGES FOR SOCIO-RELIGIOUS CONSIDERATIONS
Apart from marriages contracted for affording protection and succour to helpless or destitute widows of companions killed in battles fought with the enemies of Islam, the Holy Prophet also contracted some marriages in order to woo certain influential tribes to Islam.
JUWAIRIA
In the Ghazwa Bani Mustalaq, Barra, the daughter of the Chief of the tribe, who was a widow, became a prisoner of war. The companions advised the Holy Prophet that, as she was the daughter of the chief of a tribe, the Holy Prophet should take her and marry her. He accepted the advice; and, as a result, the Muslims released over a hundred prisoners of the tribe and the whole tribe embraced Islam. She was given the name of Juwairia by the Holy Prophet.
UMMI HABIBA
Ummi Habiba, daughter of Abu sufyan (who was for years one of the bitterest enemies of the Holy Prophet) was married to Abdulla son of Jahash. She was one of the early converts to Islam and emigrated to Abyssinia along with her husband. There her husband became a Christian and she and her daughter were left in a destitute condition in a foreign country. The Holy Prophet married her, through the Vakalat of jafar, son of Abu Talib. Ummi Habiba was such a pious lady and was so devoted to the Holy Prophet what when her father, Abu sufyan, (who was till then a pagan), came to Medina after the Treaty of Hudaibiya, and visted her, she did not allow him to sit on the Holy Prophet's bed ! this act of Abu Sufyan's daughter was also instrumental in impressing of his followers, on Abu Sufyan who eventually embraced Islam. She was also one of the consorts who quenched the first for knowledge of Muslim women. She is the narrator of some 65 traditions. She died at the age of 73.
MARIA
Maria Qibtiya, was sent to the Holy Prophet as a present by the Ruler of Egypt ; and she gave birth to the Holy Prophet's last and youngest son, Ibrahim.
SAFIYA
Safiya, was the daughter of Hayyi bin Akhtab, Chief pf the Banu Quraiza tribe. She was a widow and became a prisoner of war at the time of Battle of Khaibar. In view of her social status, the Holy Prophet married Safiya. She died at the age of sixty. She is the narrator of some ten traditions.
RAIHANA, DAUGHTER OF ZAID
Raihana, daughter of Zaid, belonged to the Banu Quraiza tribe of Jews. She had married one of her on tribesmen, named Hakam. When the Banu Quraiza capitulated, Raihana became a captive. According to Ibn Sad, Hafiz Ibn Hajar and Waqidi, the Holy Prophet set Raihana free and thereafter married her. Her own statement to this effect is on record, and is conformed by and entries in the History of Medina by Muhammad Bin Alhasan, and in the Tabaqat-us-Sahaba by Ibni Manda. Raihana died during the Holy Prophet's lifetime. (Vide pages 403-405, Vol. 1, Seerat-un-Nabi by Shibli Naumani).
MAIMUNA
The Holy Prophet's last marriage, in A.H. 7,was with Maimuna, daughter of Haris, who was a widow. She is the narrator of some 76 traditions. She died in A.H.51.
MARRIAGES NOT FOR GRATIFICATION OF SENSUAL APPETITE
According to the most authentic reports, the life of Muhammad (P.B.U.H) prior to his first marriage with Khadija was absolutely chaste and pure ; and even his enemies have testified to this. The pagans offered him not only riches and a kingdom, but also the most beautiful girls ; but he spurned the offer. During his youth and manhood, he proved a faithful and ideal husband. He was 50 years old, or somewhat older, when he married a second time; and all his subsequent marriages were at an advanced age.
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