Observance Of 'EID-UL-FITR
'Eid-ul-Fitr is not a mere festival devoted entirely to merry making, feasting and enjoyment. This 'Eid marks the termination of the blessed month of Ramadan and it is an act of collective thanks-giving to Allah for the boon of Ramadan and for having given us the strength to keep the fasts. During the 'Eid prayers high and low stand shoulder to shoulder, and together bow and prostrate before Allah. All distinctions of class and status disappear. After the prayers are over, the Muslim brethren embrace one another; and on this occasion the servants are embraced by their masters or employers. During the month of Ramadan the well-to-do not only pay the obligatory Zakat, but they also disburse alms and give clothes to the poor ; and after the 'Eid prayers, the well-to-do distribute sweets to the poor.
It is traditional to take a bath on the morning of the 'Eid and to put on one's best clothes and use perfume. It is also traditional to have sweet dish before going out for the 'Eid-ul-Fitr prayers. While proceeding to the 'Eid-gah, the following Takbir is Recited :-
It is traditional to go to the 'Eid-gah by one route and return by another.
RAMI AND JAMRAT ON 11TH and 12Th
On the 11th and 12th Zilhij the prescribed time for Rami is after Zawal and before Maghrib. On both these days the seven pebbles shall have to be thrown, one after the other, in the manner already indicated, at each of the three stone pillars, in this order:- (1) Jamarat-ul-Oola, which is the first of the three pillars while proceeding from Mina to Mecca ; (2) Jamarat-ul-Wusta, whic hcomes next ; and (3) the Jamrat-ul-'Uqba, which comes last. Supplications may be made (at stone distance from the pillars) after the Rami at the first two pillars ; but no supplication should be made after the Rami the third.
If Rami is not done at the prescribed time, its Qada shall have to be offered and Dam (sacrifice) shall also have to be made.
A person who is so weak that he cannot stand up for prayers (Salat)m which he offers while sitting, and who has not the strength to reach the Jamrat, may appoint some other person as his deputy for performing the Rami on his behalf. The deputy should first throw all the seven pebbles, in the prescribed manner, on his own behalf, and thereafter perform the Rami, in the prescribed manner, on behalf of the person who appointed him as his deputy for this purpose. HAJJ
HAJJ
There are three Fara'id, or obligatory acts, in Hajj :-
(1) Putting on the Ihram and making the Niyat of Hajj and reciting the Taibah ; (2) Wuquf-i-'Arsfat, i.e. staying in the plain of 'Arafat at any time between the time of Zawal (declining of the sun) on the 9th of Zilhij and up to the Subh Sadiq (real dawn) of the 10th Zilhij ; and (3) Tawaf-i-Ziyarat on the 10th, 11th or 12th of Zilhij, after the shaving of the head or shortening of hair. These three obligatory duties are to be performed ub the prescribed order and the prescribed manner. If any of these three fara'id is left out, there shall be no Hajj ; and the defect cannot be cured by sacrifice.
Wajibat, or Secondary Imperatives
There are six Wajibat of Hajj :- (1) Stay at muzdalifa; (2) Sa'yi between Safa and Marwa; (3) Rami Jimar i.e. stoning the devil; (4) Qurbani for Qarin and mutamatta'; (5) Getting the hair of the head shaved or the hair shortened; (6) For pilgrims coming out from abroad, Tawaf-i-Wida. If any of these Wajibat is left out, for any reason, the Hajj shall not be nullified ; but the person at fault shall have to pay the penalty, whether in the shape of Dam, i.e. Qurbani, or Sadqa.
THE SUNNATS OF HAJJ
The Sunnats of Hajj are :- (1) Tawaf-uQudum (i.e. the circumambulation of the Holy Ka'ba on entry into Mecca) for those pilgrims who come from beyond the Mawaqit and are Afaqi and who performed the Hajj by the method of Ifrad or Qiran ; (2) Doing Ramal in Tawaf-i-Qudum, or if not done in this Tawaf, then in Tawaf-i-Ziyarat or Tawaf-i-Wida' ; (3) The delivery of three Khutbas (sermons) by the Imam- on the 10th Zilhij in Mecca ; on the 9th in Masjid Namra before the combining of the prayers (Jama' bain-us-salatain) ; and on the 11th in Mina; (4) Spending the night of the 9th in Mina ; (5) Leaving Mina after sun-rise on the 9th for Arafat ; (6) Leaving Arafat after the departure of the Imam ; (7) Staying the night at Muzdalifa on return from Arafat ; (8) Taking a bath in Arafat ; (9) Spending the nights at Mina during the halt at that place ; (10) Staying for however short a time it may be at Muhassab while returning to Mecca from Mina. There is great spiritual reward (sawab) in the performance of the foregoing Sunnats ; but if any of these cannot be performed, there in so penalty ; but it is reprehensible to ignore these Sunnats deliberately.
Najasat Ghaleezah
A part from excreta or the waste discharged from the animal body, e.g. faeces, stools, and urine, animal dung, and bird droppings, which are regarded as filth by all, the other impurities called Najasat Ghaleezah recognized by Islam are semen, seminal discharges, flowing blood, human as well as animal, pus, swine (everything pertaining to it - meat, blood, bone, skin, urine, etc.,) and wine, which are included in the definition of Najasat Ghaleezah. If the smallest quantity of Najasat Ghaleezah is put, or falls, in water,or any article of food or drink, the whole of it is polluted and becomes unclean and unfit for us by a Muslim. If some Najasat Ghaleezah falls on one's clothes, the same must be removed and the spot where it had fallen must be washed three times, squeezing the cloth each time. Similarly, if some Najasat Ghaleezah falls on some carpet, durry e.t.c., it should be removed and the portion on which it had fallen should be washed three times. There are detailed rules for cleansing wells and purifying the water if some Najasat Ghaleezah falls into a well, or some human being or some animal falls into a well and dies. While dog is not specifically included in the definition of Najasat Ghaleezah, dog is considered unclean and cannot be taken into a mosque. (Dog's meat is of course as unlawful as pork).
Five Pillars Of Islam
There is a saying of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon Him) to the effect that the edifice of Islam rests on five pillars:- (1) a firm declaration that there is no God except Allah and that Muhammad (peace be upon Him) is His servant and His apostle ; (2) the keeping up of prayers (Salat) ; (3) the payment of obligatory charity. or poor-rate (Zakat) ; (4) the performance of pilgrimage of Mecca (Hajj) ; and (5) keeping of fast during the month of Ramadan (Saum). The four fundamental institutions of Islam are thus:- 1. Salat. 2. Zakat. 3. Saum. 4. Hajj. There is also a fifth religious duty of the Muslims and that is Jihad.
Their Purpose
The aim of these fundamental institutions of Islam is to make a man realize the presence of Allah and make him God-conscious and God-fearing ; to refine his thoughts ; to mould his character ; to purify his heart ; to elevate him morally ; and to enable him to discharge faithfully his responsibilities and duties, not only to Allah, but also to Allah's creatures. In all these religious institutions there is punctuality, regularity, methods, orderliness, uniformity and an exhibition of complete equality.
Continuous "Khutba Hajjatul weda"
''Ye people, listen to my words, for I know not whether another year will be vouchsafed to me after this year to find myself amongst you...O ye people, Allah says : ''O people We created you from one male and one female and made you into tribes and nations, so as to be known to one another. Verily in the sight of Allah , the most Honorable amongst you is the one who is most God-fearing''. There is no superiority for an Arab over a non-Arab and for a non-Arab over an Arab, nor for the white over the black nor for the black over the white, except God consciousness. All mankind is the progeny of Adam and Adam was fashioned out of clay. Behold every claim of privilege whether that of blood or property, is under my heels except that of the custody of the Ka'ba and supplying of water to the pilgrims. O people of Quraish, do not appear (on the Day of Judgment) with the burden of this world around your neck ''whereas other people may appear (before the Lord) with the rewards of the Hereafter. In that case I shall avail you naught against Allah.
''Behold, all practice of the days of ignorance is now under my feet. The blood revenges of the days of ignorance are remitted.....All interest and usurious dues accruing from the times of ignorance stand wipes out......
''O people, verily your blood, your property and your honor are sacred and inviolable until you appear before your Lord, as the sacred inviolability of this day of yours (i.e. the 9th Zil-Hajj, the Day of Hajj), this months of yours (i.e Zil-hajj which fighting was prohibited) and this town of yours (the sacred territory of Mecca). Verily you will meet your Lord and you will be held answerable for your actions...
''O people, verily you have got certain rights over your women and your women have certain rights over you. It is your right upon them to honor their conjugal rights, and not to commit acts of impropriety, which if they do, you are authorized by Allah to separate them from your beds and chastise them properly. Behold it is not permissible for a women to give anything from the wealth of her husband to any one but with his consent. Treat the woman kindly, since they are your helpers and they are not in a position to manage their affairs themselves. Fear Allah concerning women, for verily you have taken them on the security of Allah and have made their persons lawful unto you by the words of Allah.
''O people, Allah the Mighty and Exalted has ordained every one his due share (of inheritance). Hence there is no need (of special) testament for an heir (departing from the rules laid down by the Shariah)....
''All debts must be repaid ; all borrowed property must be returned ; gifts should be reciprocated, and a surety must make good the loss to assured.
''Beware ! no one committing a crime is responsible for it but himself. Neither the child is responsible for the crime of his father, not the father is responsible for the crime of his child......
''Nothing of his brother is lawful for a Muslim except what he himself given willingly, So do not wrong yourselves.
''O people, every Muslim is the brother of other Muslim and all the Muslims from one brotherhood.
''And your slaves ! see that you feed them with such food as you eat yourselves, and clothe them with the clothes that you yourselves wear.
''Take heed not to go astray after me and strike one another's necks.
''He who (amongst you) has any trust with him, he must return it to its owner.
''O people, Listen and obey, through a mangled Abyssinian slave is appointed your Amir, provided he executes (the Ordinances of) the Book of Allah among you.
''O people ! no prophet would be raised after me, and no new Ummat (would be formed after) you.
''Verily I have left amongst you that which will never lead you astray, the Book of Allah, which if you hold fast, you shall never go astray.
''And beware of transgressing the limits set in the matters of religion, for it is transgression of (the proper bounds of) religion that brought destruction to (many people) before you.
''Verily the Satan is disappointed at ever being worshiped in this land of yours, but if obedience in anything (short of worship is expected that is) ; he will be pleased in matters you may be disposed to think insignificant ; so beware of him in your matters of religion.
''Behold, worship your Lord ; offer prayers five time a day ; observe fast in the month of Ramazan ; pay readily the Zakat (poor-due) on your property ; and perform pilgrimage to the House of God, and obey your rules, and you will be admitted to the paradise of your Lord.
''Let him that is present convey it to him who is absent ; for many people to whom the message is conveyed may be more mindful of it than he audience.
''And if you were asked about me, what would you say?''
They answered : We bear witness that you have conveyed the trust (of religion) and discharged your ministry of apostle-hood looked to our welfare''.
Thereupon Allah's messenger (may peace be upon him) lifted his fore-finger towards the sky and then pointing towards the people said: ''O Lord ! bear Thou witness unto it. O Lord ! bear Thou witness unto it. O Lord ! bear Thou witness unto it''.
The Holy Prophet's ''Khutba Hajjatul Wada'' shows that the Holy Prophet knew that he was nearing the end of his Mission and of his earthly existence, and that his was going to be his last Hajj and his last sermon on such an occasion.
It was on this occasion that the last revelation :- ''This day have I (Allah) perfected your religion for you and completed My favour upon you and have chosen for you Islam as your religion'' (5 :4) was received by the Holy Prophet. It clearly showed that the Holy Prophet had completed his Mission and that the religion (Islam) had been perfected. Sura Nasr (S. No. 110)
''Behold, all practice of the days of ignorance is now under my feet. The blood revenges of the days of ignorance are remitted.....All interest and usurious dues accruing from the times of ignorance stand wipes out......
''O people, verily your blood, your property and your honor are sacred and inviolable until you appear before your Lord, as the sacred inviolability of this day of yours (i.e. the 9th Zil-Hajj, the Day of Hajj), this months of yours (i.e Zil-hajj which fighting was prohibited) and this town of yours (the sacred territory of Mecca). Verily you will meet your Lord and you will be held answerable for your actions...
''O people, verily you have got certain rights over your women and your women have certain rights over you. It is your right upon them to honor their conjugal rights, and not to commit acts of impropriety, which if they do, you are authorized by Allah to separate them from your beds and chastise them properly. Behold it is not permissible for a women to give anything from the wealth of her husband to any one but with his consent. Treat the woman kindly, since they are your helpers and they are not in a position to manage their affairs themselves. Fear Allah concerning women, for verily you have taken them on the security of Allah and have made their persons lawful unto you by the words of Allah.
''O people, Allah the Mighty and Exalted has ordained every one his due share (of inheritance). Hence there is no need (of special) testament for an heir (departing from the rules laid down by the Shariah)....
''All debts must be repaid ; all borrowed property must be returned ; gifts should be reciprocated, and a surety must make good the loss to assured.
''Beware ! no one committing a crime is responsible for it but himself. Neither the child is responsible for the crime of his father, not the father is responsible for the crime of his child......
''Nothing of his brother is lawful for a Muslim except what he himself given willingly, So do not wrong yourselves.
''O people, every Muslim is the brother of other Muslim and all the Muslims from one brotherhood.
''And your slaves ! see that you feed them with such food as you eat yourselves, and clothe them with the clothes that you yourselves wear.
''Take heed not to go astray after me and strike one another's necks.
''He who (amongst you) has any trust with him, he must return it to its owner.
''O people, Listen and obey, through a mangled Abyssinian slave is appointed your Amir, provided he executes (the Ordinances of) the Book of Allah among you.
''O people ! no prophet would be raised after me, and no new Ummat (would be formed after) you.
''Verily I have left amongst you that which will never lead you astray, the Book of Allah, which if you hold fast, you shall never go astray.
''And beware of transgressing the limits set in the matters of religion, for it is transgression of (the proper bounds of) religion that brought destruction to (many people) before you.
''Verily the Satan is disappointed at ever being worshiped in this land of yours, but if obedience in anything (short of worship is expected that is) ; he will be pleased in matters you may be disposed to think insignificant ; so beware of him in your matters of religion.
''Behold, worship your Lord ; offer prayers five time a day ; observe fast in the month of Ramazan ; pay readily the Zakat (poor-due) on your property ; and perform pilgrimage to the House of God, and obey your rules, and you will be admitted to the paradise of your Lord.
''Let him that is present convey it to him who is absent ; for many people to whom the message is conveyed may be more mindful of it than he audience.
''And if you were asked about me, what would you say?''
They answered : We bear witness that you have conveyed the trust (of religion) and discharged your ministry of apostle-hood looked to our welfare''.
Thereupon Allah's messenger (may peace be upon him) lifted his fore-finger towards the sky and then pointing towards the people said: ''O Lord ! bear Thou witness unto it. O Lord ! bear Thou witness unto it. O Lord ! bear Thou witness unto it''.
The Holy Prophet's ''Khutba Hajjatul Wada'' shows that the Holy Prophet knew that he was nearing the end of his Mission and of his earthly existence, and that his was going to be his last Hajj and his last sermon on such an occasion.
It was on this occasion that the last revelation :- ''This day have I (Allah) perfected your religion for you and completed My favour upon you and have chosen for you Islam as your religion'' (5 :4) was received by the Holy Prophet. It clearly showed that the Holy Prophet had completed his Mission and that the religion (Islam) had been perfected. Sura Nasr (S. No. 110)
Khutba Hajjatul weda
It can legitimately be called the First Universal Declaration, or charter, of Human Rights. The Holy Prophet's "Khutba Hajjatul Wada" is recorded in the most authentic books of Ahadis and Muslim history. "He was on camel, and the people around ham represented every Arabian tribe and clan. He spoke slowly, and his words were repeated aloud by others, and thus reached the farthest end of the assembly". the Holy Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be on him) declared at the outset that sovereighty belongs to Allah, Who is One and has no partners of any sort. He next declared that we are all children of Adam and that all are equal; that no distinction or privilege can be claimed on the basis of one's race, nationality or color of one's skin; and that the only criterion for honor is piety, righteousness and fear of Allah. The Holy Prophet further declared that Muslims are all brothers; and he declared the inviolability of the lives, honour and property of every one. He declared as remitted all payments on account of blood revenges and usury. He enjoined that all debts must be repaid and all borrowed property returned. He declared that a child shall not be responsible for the crime committed by his father, and vice versa. He forbade wrongful acquisition of an other's property.In his sermon the Holy Prophet (PBUH) laid special emphasis on the rights of women and enjoined that they must be treated with kindness and liberality. He made the slave equal, in the matter of food and clothing, with his master.
H. G. Wells in his book ''The Outline of History'' has called the Khutba Hajjatul Wada as a ''Great Sermon'' and has pointed out that.....''The first paragraph sweeps away all plunder and blood feuds among the followers of Islam. The last makes the believing Negro the equal of the Caliph...they established in the world a great tradition of dignified fair dealing, they breathe a spirit of generosity, and they are human and workable. They created a society more free from widespread cruelty and social oppression than any society had ever been in the world before''.
Abstract English Translation of The Khutba
In view of the supreme importance of the Holy Prophet's last sermon. an English translation of portions of the Khutba is given below :-
''All praise is due to Allah.....I bear witness that there is no God but Allah, the One having no partner with Him. His is the sovereignty and to Him is due all praise. He grants life and causes death and is Powerful over everything. There is no God but Allah, the One ; He fulfilled His promise and granted victory to His bondsman (the Holy Prophet), and He alone routed the confederates (of the enemies of Islam).
It can legitimately be called the First Universal Declaration, or charter, of Human Rights. The Holy Prophet's "Khutba Hajjatul Wada" is recorded in the most authentic books of Ahadis and Muslim history. "He was on camel, and the people around ham represented every Arabian tribe and clan. He spoke slowly, and his words were repeated aloud by others, and thus reached the farthest end of the assembly". the Holy Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be on him) declared at the outset that sovereighty belongs to Allah, Who is One and has no partners of any sort. He next declared that we are all children of Adam and that all are equal; that no distinction or privilege can be claimed on the basis of one's race, nationality or color of one's skin; and that the only criterion for honor is piety, righteousness and fear of Allah. The Holy Prophet further declared that Muslims are all brothers; and he declared the inviolability of the lives, honour and property of every one. He declared as remitted all payments on account of blood revenges and usury. He enjoined that all debts must be repaid and all borrowed property returned. He declared that a child shall not be responsible for the crime committed by his father, and vice versa. He forbade wrongful acquisition of an other's property.In his sermon the Holy Prophet (PBUH) laid special emphasis on the rights of women and enjoined that they must be treated with kindness and liberality. He made the slave equal, in the matter of food and clothing, with his master.
H. G. Wells in his book ''The Outline of History'' has called the Khutba Hajjatul Wada as a ''Great Sermon'' and has pointed out that.....''The first paragraph sweeps away all plunder and blood feuds among the followers of Islam. The last makes the believing Negro the equal of the Caliph...they established in the world a great tradition of dignified fair dealing, they breathe a spirit of generosity, and they are human and workable. They created a society more free from widespread cruelty and social oppression than any society had ever been in the world before''.
Abstract English Translation of The Khutba
In view of the supreme importance of the Holy Prophet's last sermon. an English translation of portions of the Khutba is given below :-
''All praise is due to Allah.....I bear witness that there is no God but Allah, the One having no partner with Him. His is the sovereignty and to Him is due all praise. He grants life and causes death and is Powerful over everything. There is no God but Allah, the One ; He fulfilled His promise and granted victory to His bondsman (the Holy Prophet), and He alone routed the confederates (of the enemies of Islam).
Ummahat ul Momineen - The Wives of Prophet Muhammad(PBUH)
KHADIJA
The Holy Prophet's first marriage with Khadija, who was his only wife for the twenty-five years of his youth and manhood. The Holy Prophet was fifty years of ago, or a little older, when Khadija died.
SAUDA
A few months after Khadija's death, the Holy Prophet married Sauda, daughter of Zama, who was a widow, had an issue from her former husband and was the only Muslim in her whole family, which had turned against her, and she thus required protection and help. On the advice of some of his companions, the Holy Prophet married Sauda and took her under his on protection.
AYESHA
Ayesha, daughter of Abu Bakr,was the only virgin whom the Holy Prophet married, shortly before the Hijrat, to ful fil the wish his dearest friend Abu Bakr. There are conflicting reports regarding Ayesha's age at the time of her marriage. it is reported that her elder sister, Asma (who prepared the baggage for the Hijrat of the Holy Prophet and her Father) was ten years senior to Ayesha; and Asma died at the age of 100 in A.H.73(see Ibn-i-Kasir's Albadaya. wan Nihaya and alikmal fi Asmair Rijal). According to this calculation, Ayesha's age at the time of her marriage to Holy Prophet was 17 or 18 years. Some reports say it was 16 years; and others put it at a lower figure. Ayesha was an exceptionally intelligent and talented lady; she had an excellent memory and was very eloquent. She is the narrator of as many as 2,210 traditions (Ahadis) of the Holy Prophet she was considered to be an authority on the life of the Holy Prophet and on the meaning and interpretation of the verses of the Holy Quran; and many eminent companions of the Holy Prophet, both male and female, came to seek her guidance on intricate religious matters. It was Ayesha who testified to the sublimity of the morals of the Holy Prophet by telling a questioner; "Kana Khulquhul Quran", i.e.his morals are the Quran. The major portion of the material about religious matters relating to woman was with her. She survived the Holy Prophet by some 48 years.
Marrieages in Medina
With the exception of one, who was a divorced, the ladies whom the Holy Prophet married in Medina were all widows or prisoners of war. The circumstances in which there marriages took Place are given below.
HAFSA
Hafsa, daughter of Umar, became a widow when her husband, Khunais, fell a martyr at Battle of Badr. In accordance with the wishes of her father, Umar, The Holy Prophet married Hafsa. She is the narrator of some 60 traditions.
ZAINAB, DAUGHTER OF KHUZAIMA, UMMUL MASAKIN
The Holy Prophet married Zainab, daughter of Khuzaima, in similar circumstances when her husband Abdulla, son of jahash, fell a mrtyr at the Battle of Uhud. She was a very pious and alms giving lady, who was always helping the poor and needyand earned the title of ''Ummul Masakin''. She expired in Ah.H, 4, during the life-time of the Holy Prophet.
UMM-I-SALMA
Another martyr of the Battle of Uhud was Abu Salma, who was one of the early converts to Islam and one of those who migrated to Abyssinia. When Abu Salma died, the Holy prophet married his widow, Ummi Salma. She used to instruct Muslim women in religious matters and is the narrator of some 378 traditions. She lived to the ripe old age of 80 or 81 years.
ZAINAB, DAUGHTER OF JAHASH
Zainab. daughter of Jahash, was a cousin of the Holy Prophet through his aunt, Umaima, daughter of Abdul Muttalib. Zainab was married to Zaid, son of Haris, a freedman, whom the Holy Prophet had brought up as a son. She and her brother were not agreable to his marriage, but bowed before the wishes of the Holy Prophet. thus marriage was celebrated in Mecca eight years before Hijrat. The marriage proved a failure, and much against the advice and wishes of the Holy Prophet, Zaid divorced Zainab. After the period of waiting (Iddat) was over, the Holy Prophet married Zainab, in accordance with her own wish and the wishes of her family, in order to assuage her injured feelings and console her by raising het to the status of a mother of the believers. The Holy Prophet had also to show by his own conduct and example that, as declared by Allah (Cf. 33 : 4, 5, 37), an adopted son is not like a real son. (For verses relating to this marriage see:- 33. 36-40). Zainab was the only divorcee married by the Holy Prophet.
MARRIAGES FOR SOCIO-RELIGIOUS CONSIDERATIONS
Apart from marriages contracted for affording protection and succour to helpless or destitute widows of companions killed in battles fought with the enemies of Islam, the Holy Prophet also contracted some marriages in order to woo certain influential tribes to Islam.
JUWAIRIA
In the Ghazwa Bani Mustalaq, Barra, the daughter of the Chief of the tribe, who was a widow, became a prisoner of war. The companions advised the Holy Prophet that, as she was the daughter of the chief of a tribe, the Holy Prophet should take her and marry her. He accepted the advice; and, as a result, the Muslims released over a hundred prisoners of the tribe and the whole tribe embraced Islam. She was given the name of Juwairia by the Holy Prophet.
UMMI HABIBA
Ummi Habiba, daughter of Abu sufyan (who was for years one of the bitterest enemies of the Holy Prophet) was married to Abdulla son of Jahash. She was one of the early converts to Islam and emigrated to Abyssinia along with her husband. There her husband became a Christian and she and her daughter were left in a destitute condition in a foreign country. The Holy Prophet married her, through the Vakalat of jafar, son of Abu Talib. Ummi Habiba was such a pious lady and was so devoted to the Holy Prophet what when her father, Abu sufyan, (who was till then a pagan), came to Medina after the Treaty of Hudaibiya, and visted her, she did not allow him to sit on the Holy Prophet's bed ! this act of Abu Sufyan's daughter was also instrumental in impressing of his followers, on Abu Sufyan who eventually embraced Islam. She was also one of the consorts who quenched the first for knowledge of Muslim women. She is the narrator of some 65 traditions. She died at the age of 73.
MARIA
Maria Qibtiya, was sent to the Holy Prophet as a present by the Ruler of Egypt ; and she gave birth to the Holy Prophet's last and youngest son, Ibrahim.
SAFIYA
Safiya, was the daughter of Hayyi bin Akhtab, Chief pf the Banu Quraiza tribe. She was a widow and became a prisoner of war at the time of Battle of Khaibar. In view of her social status, the Holy Prophet married Safiya. She died at the age of sixty. She is the narrator of some ten traditions.
RAIHANA, DAUGHTER OF ZAID
Raihana, daughter of Zaid, belonged to the Banu Quraiza tribe of Jews. She had married one of her on tribesmen, named Hakam. When the Banu Quraiza capitulated, Raihana became a captive. According to Ibn Sad, Hafiz Ibn Hajar and Waqidi, the Holy Prophet set Raihana free and thereafter married her. Her own statement to this effect is on record, and is conformed by and entries in the History of Medina by Muhammad Bin Alhasan, and in the Tabaqat-us-Sahaba by Ibni Manda. Raihana died during the Holy Prophet's lifetime. (Vide pages 403-405, Vol. 1, Seerat-un-Nabi by Shibli Naumani).
MAIMUNA
The Holy Prophet's last marriage, in A.H. 7,was with Maimuna, daughter of Haris, who was a widow. She is the narrator of some 76 traditions. She died in A.H.51.
MARRIAGES NOT FOR GRATIFICATION OF SENSUAL APPETITE
According to the most authentic reports, the life of Muhammad (P.B.U.H) prior to his first marriage with Khadija was absolutely chaste and pure ; and even his enemies have testified to this. The pagans offered him not only riches and a kingdom, but also the most beautiful girls ; but he spurned the offer. During his youth and manhood, he proved a faithful and ideal husband. He was 50 years old, or somewhat older, when he married a second time; and all his subsequent marriages were at an advanced age.
A few months after Khadija's death, the Holy Prophet married Sauda, daughter of Zama, who was a widow, had an issue from her former husband and was the only Muslim in her whole family, which had turned against her, and she thus required protection and help. On the advice of some of his companions, the Holy Prophet married Sauda and took her under his on protection.
AYESHA
Ayesha, daughter of Abu Bakr,was the only virgin whom the Holy Prophet married, shortly before the Hijrat, to ful fil the wish his dearest friend Abu Bakr. There are conflicting reports regarding Ayesha's age at the time of her marriage. it is reported that her elder sister, Asma (who prepared the baggage for the Hijrat of the Holy Prophet and her Father) was ten years senior to Ayesha; and Asma died at the age of 100 in A.H.73(see Ibn-i-Kasir's Albadaya. wan Nihaya and alikmal fi Asmair Rijal). According to this calculation, Ayesha's age at the time of her marriage to Holy Prophet was 17 or 18 years. Some reports say it was 16 years; and others put it at a lower figure. Ayesha was an exceptionally intelligent and talented lady; she had an excellent memory and was very eloquent. She is the narrator of as many as 2,210 traditions (Ahadis) of the Holy Prophet she was considered to be an authority on the life of the Holy Prophet and on the meaning and interpretation of the verses of the Holy Quran; and many eminent companions of the Holy Prophet, both male and female, came to seek her guidance on intricate religious matters. It was Ayesha who testified to the sublimity of the morals of the Holy Prophet by telling a questioner; "Kana Khulquhul Quran", i.e.his morals are the Quran. The major portion of the material about religious matters relating to woman was with her. She survived the Holy Prophet by some 48 years.
Marrieages in Medina
With the exception of one, who was a divorced, the ladies whom the Holy Prophet married in Medina were all widows or prisoners of war. The circumstances in which there marriages took Place are given below.
HAFSA
Hafsa, daughter of Umar, became a widow when her husband, Khunais, fell a martyr at Battle of Badr. In accordance with the wishes of her father, Umar, The Holy Prophet married Hafsa. She is the narrator of some 60 traditions.
ZAINAB, DAUGHTER OF KHUZAIMA, UMMUL MASAKIN
The Holy Prophet married Zainab, daughter of Khuzaima, in similar circumstances when her husband Abdulla, son of jahash, fell a mrtyr at the Battle of Uhud. She was a very pious and alms giving lady, who was always helping the poor and needyand earned the title of ''Ummul Masakin''. She expired in Ah.H, 4, during the life-time of the Holy Prophet.
UMM-I-SALMA
Another martyr of the Battle of Uhud was Abu Salma, who was one of the early converts to Islam and one of those who migrated to Abyssinia. When Abu Salma died, the Holy prophet married his widow, Ummi Salma. She used to instruct Muslim women in religious matters and is the narrator of some 378 traditions. She lived to the ripe old age of 80 or 81 years.
ZAINAB, DAUGHTER OF JAHASH
Zainab. daughter of Jahash, was a cousin of the Holy Prophet through his aunt, Umaima, daughter of Abdul Muttalib. Zainab was married to Zaid, son of Haris, a freedman, whom the Holy Prophet had brought up as a son. She and her brother were not agreable to his marriage, but bowed before the wishes of the Holy Prophet. thus marriage was celebrated in Mecca eight years before Hijrat. The marriage proved a failure, and much against the advice and wishes of the Holy Prophet, Zaid divorced Zainab. After the period of waiting (Iddat) was over, the Holy Prophet married Zainab, in accordance with her own wish and the wishes of her family, in order to assuage her injured feelings and console her by raising het to the status of a mother of the believers. The Holy Prophet had also to show by his own conduct and example that, as declared by Allah (Cf. 33 : 4, 5, 37), an adopted son is not like a real son. (For verses relating to this marriage see:- 33. 36-40). Zainab was the only divorcee married by the Holy Prophet.
MARRIAGES FOR SOCIO-RELIGIOUS CONSIDERATIONS
Apart from marriages contracted for affording protection and succour to helpless or destitute widows of companions killed in battles fought with the enemies of Islam, the Holy Prophet also contracted some marriages in order to woo certain influential tribes to Islam.
JUWAIRIA
In the Ghazwa Bani Mustalaq, Barra, the daughter of the Chief of the tribe, who was a widow, became a prisoner of war. The companions advised the Holy Prophet that, as she was the daughter of the chief of a tribe, the Holy Prophet should take her and marry her. He accepted the advice; and, as a result, the Muslims released over a hundred prisoners of the tribe and the whole tribe embraced Islam. She was given the name of Juwairia by the Holy Prophet.
UMMI HABIBA
Ummi Habiba, daughter of Abu sufyan (who was for years one of the bitterest enemies of the Holy Prophet) was married to Abdulla son of Jahash. She was one of the early converts to Islam and emigrated to Abyssinia along with her husband. There her husband became a Christian and she and her daughter were left in a destitute condition in a foreign country. The Holy Prophet married her, through the Vakalat of jafar, son of Abu Talib. Ummi Habiba was such a pious lady and was so devoted to the Holy Prophet what when her father, Abu sufyan, (who was till then a pagan), came to Medina after the Treaty of Hudaibiya, and visted her, she did not allow him to sit on the Holy Prophet's bed ! this act of Abu Sufyan's daughter was also instrumental in impressing of his followers, on Abu Sufyan who eventually embraced Islam. She was also one of the consorts who quenched the first for knowledge of Muslim women. She is the narrator of some 65 traditions. She died at the age of 73.
MARIA
Maria Qibtiya, was sent to the Holy Prophet as a present by the Ruler of Egypt ; and she gave birth to the Holy Prophet's last and youngest son, Ibrahim.
SAFIYA
Safiya, was the daughter of Hayyi bin Akhtab, Chief pf the Banu Quraiza tribe. She was a widow and became a prisoner of war at the time of Battle of Khaibar. In view of her social status, the Holy Prophet married Safiya. She died at the age of sixty. She is the narrator of some ten traditions.
RAIHANA, DAUGHTER OF ZAID
Raihana, daughter of Zaid, belonged to the Banu Quraiza tribe of Jews. She had married one of her on tribesmen, named Hakam. When the Banu Quraiza capitulated, Raihana became a captive. According to Ibn Sad, Hafiz Ibn Hajar and Waqidi, the Holy Prophet set Raihana free and thereafter married her. Her own statement to this effect is on record, and is conformed by and entries in the History of Medina by Muhammad Bin Alhasan, and in the Tabaqat-us-Sahaba by Ibni Manda. Raihana died during the Holy Prophet's lifetime. (Vide pages 403-405, Vol. 1, Seerat-un-Nabi by Shibli Naumani).
MAIMUNA
The Holy Prophet's last marriage, in A.H. 7,was with Maimuna, daughter of Haris, who was a widow. She is the narrator of some 76 traditions. She died in A.H.51.
MARRIAGES NOT FOR GRATIFICATION OF SENSUAL APPETITE
According to the most authentic reports, the life of Muhammad (P.B.U.H) prior to his first marriage with Khadija was absolutely chaste and pure ; and even his enemies have testified to this. The pagans offered him not only riches and a kingdom, but also the most beautiful girls ; but he spurned the offer. During his youth and manhood, he proved a faithful and ideal husband. He was 50 years old, or somewhat older, when he married a second time; and all his subsequent marriages were at an advanced age.
Ramadan is the greatest religious observance in islam. Fasting is the one of the five pillar of islam. Ramadan is the holy Month for the muslims. It is divided into three parts, first ten days are mercy of Allah. the next ten days are for forgiveness from Allah., the rest of ten days are forgiveness from fire. In Ramadan Holy Quran was completed. Fasting is the obligatory on all Muslims. Zakat is given to the poors and needy peoples.
The Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) said " When Ramadan comes, the gates of heaven are opened, the gates of Hell are Closed, and the devils are Chained,"
In Ramadan Muslims take a meal in Sehar. and after sunset in the time of Magrib the Muslims do the Iftar. In the last Ten days of Ramadan in the odd nights the night come Laylat-al-Qadar also known as the night of blessings. After the Holy month ends the Muslims celebrate Eid-ul-Fitr., also called the reward of the Ramadan.
The Messenger of ALLAH said: " oh people! A great month is coming over you; a month of blessing, a month which one night better than a thousand months, a month in which Holy Quran was Revealed in the Prophet Muhammad(PBUH). This month of Ramadan teaches us to be kind and patient towards others. The basic propose of this month is self-control and feels the hunger of poor peoples who spend their lives like this in whole year. In this month of bleesings Shaytan is put behind bars and Allah send his mercy to the peoples. in this month of Ramadan Nimaz e Tarawih is also performed in night. This prayer is Sunnah of our Prophet Muhammad(PBUH), men go to the Mosque to perform this prayer, in short this month reward from our Almighty ALLAH.
ALLAH(swt)
My brothers , sisters and friends, whether in the earth or skies, men or jin all of these creation of ALLAH(swt), ALLAH is their sole creator. ALLAH knows everything even the situation tongue does not move ant neither does the ear herar, ALLAH says i am aware of that too. So , ALLAH whose knowledge is so perfect that He listens to the external as well as the internal, the soft and loud.
"And not a leaf falls but He knows it" Al-Ana'am59
Allah is the first without beginning, and the last without end. ALLAH is the most deserving of worship and remembered. He is the closer than our souls. He is the most sincere with humans. Every thing happened in this universe by ALLAH's ordered. ALLAH gives us two ways one is right path that straight leads to ALLAH while other way is the way of evil that throw us on fire. So brother and sisters it is our sole responsibility to obey ALLAH in every part of our lives, then we will success every path of our life.
Islam is the best Religion
Islam is the big religion in the world, that ALLAH(swt) revealed through his beloved prophet to every people. Islam is the religion of peace, forgiveness, mercy.
Islam convey a simple message that ALLAH(swt) is ONE and Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) is the last prophet of ALLAH.
Holy QURAN revealed to Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) and it's been 1400 years and not even a single word of QURAN has been changed. It is an exact and perfect form.
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